immediate past

1) General subject: above (например, об абзаце текста), antecedent, old (To change plastic material make sure no chemical reaction would happen when new and old materials are mixed.), preceding, previous, forgoing (=foregoing)

2) Mathematics: the former (из двух), the preceding

3) Information technology: prev

4) Management: immediate past (на основе http://tinyurl.com/yefrlyy)

5) Polymers: prior

6) Makarov: foregoing, foregone, next but one

7) Caspian: historical

X идёт вразрез с Y-ом - X goes against Y

1. precisely (as many, much, long etc as stated)

exactly;...to the day (year, ruble etc).

2. merely

only

• ИДТИ/ПОЙТИ ВРАЗРЕЗ с чем

[VP; subj: abstr]

=====

⇒ to contradict sth., disagree with sth. completely:

- X идёт вразрез с Y-ом≈ X goes against Y;

- X runs counter to Y;

- X is in direct contradiction to Y;

- X is out of tune with Y;

- X flies in the face of Y.

     ♦ Было бы тягостным недоразумением и шло бы вразрез с прямыми намерениями автора, если бы полемика с прошлым о прошлом, проходящая через эту книгу, была истолкована как желание оживить литературное движение, скончавшееся ровным счётом восемнадцать лет назад (Лившиц 1). It would be an onerous misunderstanding and would go against the author's immediate intentions, if the polemics with the past about the past which run through this book, were to be interpreted as a wish to resurrect a literary movement which died exactly eighteen years ago (1a).

     ♦ О.М[андельштам] всегда знал, что его понятия идут вразрез с временем... но после "Четвёртой прозы" это его уже не страшило (Мандельштам 1). M[andelstam] always knew that his ideas were out of tune with the times...but after writing the "Fourth Prose" he was no longer worried about it (1a).

• ИДТИ/ПОЙТИ ВРАЗРЕЗ с чем

[VP; subj: abstr]

=====

⇒ to contradict sth., disagree with sth. completely:

- X идёт вразрез с Y-ом≈ X goes against Y;

- X runs counter to Y;

- X is in direct contradiction to Y;

- X is out of tune with Y;

- X flies in the face of Y.

     ♦ Было бы тягостным недоразумением и шло бы вразрез с прямыми намерениями автора, если бы полемика с прошлым о прошлом, проходящая через эту книгу, была истолкована как желание оживить литературное движение, скончавшееся ровным счётом восемнадцать лет назад (Лившиц 1). It would be an onerous misunderstanding and would go against the author's immediate intentions, if the polemics with the past about the past which run through this book, were to be interpreted as a wish to resurrect a literary movement which died exactly eighteen years ago (1a).

     ♦ О.М[андельштам] всегда знал, что его понятия идут вразрез с временем... но после "Четвёртой прозы" это его уже не страшило (Мандельштам 1). M[andelstam] always knew that his ideas were out of tune with the times...but after writing the "Fourth Prose" he was no longer worried about it (1a).

I

• РОВНЫМ СЧЕТОМ

[NPinstrum ; Invar; adv; used with a Num or quantit NP; fixed WO]

=====

1. precisely (as many, much, long etc as stated):

- exactly;

- ...to the day (year, ruble etc).

     ♦ Было бы тягостным недоразумением и шло бы вразрез с прямыми намерениями автора, если бы полемика с прошлым о прошлом, проходящая через эту книгу, была истолкована как желание оживить литературное движение, скончавшееся ровным счётом восемнадцать лет назад (Лившиц 1). It would be an onerous misunderstanding and would go against the author's immediate intentions, if the polemics with the past about the past which run through this book, were to be interpreted as a wish to resurrect a literary movement which died exactly eighteen years ago (1a).

2. merely:

- only;

- just;

- no more than;

- but.

     ♦ До зарплаты ещё целая неделя, а у меня осталось ровным счётом два рубля. It's still a whole week till payday, and I have only two rubles left.

II

• РОВНЫМ СЧЕТОМ ничего coll

[NPlnMrum; Invar; modif; fixed WO]

=====

⇒ altogether, completely (nothing):

- absolutely nothing;

- nothing at all;

- not a (single) thing.

     ♦ [Нюша:] Я вас предупреждаю - из этого не получится ровным счётом ничего (Панова 1). [N.:] I warn you that absolutely nothing will come of this (1a).

     ♦ [Шаманов:]...Моё выступление ничего не изменит. Ничего ровным счётом (Вампилов 2). [Sh.:]... My testimony now isn't going to change a thing. Not a thing (2b).

     ♦ Деменский заговорил как будто откровенно, но к предыдущим своим показаниям ровным счётом ничего не добавил (Чернёнок 1). Demensky started talking in what seemed to be a frank way, but he didn't add a single thing to his previous statements (1a).

рус Органическое диссоциативное расстройство

eng Organic dissociative disorder. A disorder characterized by a partial or complete loss of the normal integration between memories of the past, awareness of identity and immediate sensations, and control of bodily movements (see F44.-), but arising as a consequence of an organic disorder. (Excludes: ) dissociative (conversion) disorders, nonorganic or unspecified ( F44.-)

рус Диссоциативные (конверсионные) расстройства

eng Dissociative (conversion) disorders. The common themes that are shared by dissociative or conversion disorders are a partial or complete loss of the normal integration between memories of the past, awareness of identity and immediate sensations, and control of bodily movements. All types of dissociative disorders tend to remit after a few weeks or months, particularly if their onset is associated with a traumatic life event. More chronic disorders, particularly paralyses and anaesthesias, may develop if the onset is associated with insoluble problems or interpersonal difficulties. These disorders have previously been classified as various types of "conversion hysteria". They are presumed to be psychogenic in origin, being associated closely in time with traumatic events, insoluble and intolerable problems, or disturbed relationships. The symptoms often represent the patient's concept of how a physical illness would be manifest. Medical examination and investigation do not reveal the presence of any known phys

the course of events, recent events, this situation

@ сама жизнь показала/доказала

Time/experience has shown this to be so/to be true

 

(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Этот ток обозначают I_Z
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]

ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]

Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:

• its insulation temperature rating;
• conductor electrical properties for current;
• frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
• ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
• ambient temperature.

Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:

• Wires
• Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
• Fuses
• Circuit breakers
• All or nearly all components used

Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

Синонимы

• длительно допустимый ток
• допустимый ток

EN

• ampacity (US)
• continuous current
• continuous current-carrying capacity
• current-carrying capacity

DE

• Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
• Strombelastbarkeit, f

FR

• courant admissible, m
• courant permanent admissible, m